Colorectal cancer – symptoms, examination, and treatment
Colorectal cancer is a common disease
What is intestinal cancer?
Colorectal cancer refers to cancer that starts in the colon, rectum, or small intestine. Most often, it refers to cancer of the colon or rectum.
Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer in Finland, and its incidence has increased, particularly among the aging population.
Why is bowel cancer so common?
The following factors increase the risk of colorectal cancer:
- An aging population: Colorectal cancer is most commonly diagnosed in people over the age of 60.
- Lifestyle: A low-fiber diet, high consumption of red meat, alcohol, and processed meat products increase the risk.
- Lack of exercise and being overweight are significant risk factors.
- Inflammatory bowel diseases (such as ulcerative colitis) and previously diagnosed intestinal polyps may also increase the risk of developing the disease.
Typical symptoms of intestinal cancer
Intestinal cancer can develop over a long period of time with few symptoms, so early detection is important.
Common symptoms include:
- Blood in the stool or bleeding from the intestine
- Changes in bowel function, such as persistent diarrhea or constipation
- Changes in stool color or consistency
- Abdominal fullness, bloating, or pain without a clear cause
- General fatigue and weight loss may also be signs of advanced disease
If symptoms appear, they should be investigated without delay—often a colonoscopy or MRI scan can help determine the cause.
Treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer
The success of treatment depends on how early the cancer is detected.
In the early stages, surgery to remove the tumor is the most common form of treatment. Radiation therapy and drug therapy are also used when necessary.
Today, more than 80% of colorectal cancers detected early are cured. Thanks to new imaging methods and research, the prognosis has improved significantly.
How can the risk of colorectal cancer be reduced?
Although cancer cannot always be prevented, lifestyle choices can have a significant impact on the risk:
- Eat plenty of fiber, vegetables, fruit, and whole grains
- Avoid excessive consumption of red meat, processed meat products, and alcohol
- Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight
If you have a family history of colorectal cancer or an inflammatory bowel disease, talk to your doctor about preventive imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging without contrast
Summary – early detection saves lives
Colorectal cancer is a common but often underdiagnosed disease. Because it can progress for a long time without symptoms, early screening and diagnosis are crucial.
If you notice blood in your stool, changes in bowel habits, or abdominal discomfort, seek medical attention promptly.
Knowledge and timely examination—such as magnetic resonance imaging or colonoscopy—can help detect cancer before it progresses further.